In 1978 the alma ata declaration conceptualised the social model of health which became a crucial milestone in consolidating health as a human right. On 16 december 1986, the jeltoqsan riot took place in response to general secretary mikhail gorbachevs dismissal of dinmukhamed kunayev. Is the declaration of alma ata still relevant to primary. Past, present and future cynthia haq university of wisconsinmadison thomas hall university of californiasan francisco david thompson university of minnesotaminneapolis john bryant aga khan university and the tropical institute of community health february 2009 prepared as part of an education project of the. The declaration thus became crucial to reaffirming the right to health in the who constitution, reengaging human rights in global health governance, and. The term phc, if not its alma ata spirit, has been widely adopted. Indeed, in the four decades since its launch, there is a sense in which all declarations or communiques issued at global health conferences have been aiming for comparable historical impact. Alma ata declaration in 1978 as important resources for achieving health for all. Janssens, campus rochus, sint rochusstraat, 2000 antwerp, belgium institute of tropical medicine 50th annual colloquium in 2008, the world celebrates the 30th anniversary of the declaration of alma ata. The primary health care approach has since then been accepted by member countries of the world. In the cluster of years prior to alma ata, 1978, who went through an exploratory process, partnering with interested organizations,conceptualizing various aspects of health care, culminating in the notion of primary health care, which was refined for and fully accepted at the alma ata conference.
The republic of armenia, the republic of azerbaijan, the republic of belarus, the republic of kazakhstan, the republic of kyrgyzstan, the republic of moldova, the. Mar 27, 2017 as suggested by the groundbreaking 1978 almaata declaration, integrating maternal, newborn and child health services into primary health care can be an effective strategy for reducing health ineq. The alma ata declaration was the outcome of the international conference on primary health care held in 1978 in alma ata, kazakhstan. As part of this global movement, thirty years since the adoption of the almaata declaration in 1978, the world health organization regional office for africa organized the international conference on primary health care and health systems in africa, 2830 april 2008, in ouagadougou. The declaration of alma ata was a watershed moment in global health. This year sees the 30th anniversary of the declaration of alma ata box 1. The alma ata declaration defined primary health care as essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford. The reasons behind the flop of almaata principles universal health coverage.
Primary health care became a core concept for who as a result of the declaration of almaata 1978, giving rise to whos goal of health for all. The world health organizations world health report 2007 deals with access to primary health care as an essential prerequisite for health. Primary health care, as outlined in the 1978 declaration of alma ata and again 40 years later in the 2018 whounicef document a vision for primary health care in the 21st century. From 612 september 1978, the who, together with the united nations childrens fund unicef, convened the momentous international conference on primary health care in almaata, capital of the thensoviet republic of kazakhstan. Convened by who and the united nations childrens fund unicef, the alma ata conference drew representatives from 4 countries, 67 international organisations, and many nongovernmental organisations.
Declaration of alma ata international conference on primary health care, alma ata, ussr, 612 september 1978. On the other hand, those advances are unevenly spread, with growing numbers of people living precarious existences, many displaced from their homes. The draft astana declaration alma ata 20, released in june, 2018, restates the key principles of primary health care and renews these as driving forces for achieving the sdgs. The declaration of alma ata, 4 adopted at the international conference on primary health care in 1978, was the first international declaration underlining the importance of phc. The government shall, when planning its activities, put health promotion and care, and disease prevention, among its priorities, the basic objectives of which shall be access by all citizens of botswana to essential health care, whatever their own financial resources or place of domicile, and the assurance of an. Alma ata, ussr, 612 september 1978 jointlysponsordbytheworldhealthorganization. International conference on primary health care, almaata, ussr, 612. The declaration adopted, with its rallying cry of health for all by 2000 ad, cap.
Alma ata was the host city for a 1978 international conference on primary health care. Delegation from 4 countries, 67 international organisations, and many nongovernmental organisations joined the world health organisation and unicef at the international conference on primary health care at alma ata, kazakhstan, ussr from 6 th to 12 sep 1978 and this culminated in the declaration of alma ata. The 1978 alma ata declaration focused on primary health care as a. The alma ata declaration was adopted, marking a paradigm shift in global public health. Declaration of almaata international conference on primary health care, almaata, ussr, 612 september 1978 the international conference on primary health care, meeting in almaata this twelfth day of september in the year nineteen hundred and seventyeight, expressing the need. Three decades after the adoption of the alma ata declaration in 1978, the world health organization, regional office for africa organized from 28 to 30 april, 2008 in ouagadougou. The importance of primary care was stated in the classical declaration of alma ata in 1978, which is still an important document for politicians and stakeholders 3 4 5. Global health other bibliographies cite this for me. The declaration of almaata at 40 center for global development. Declaration of alma ata 1978 international conference on primary health care, almaata, ussr, 612 september 1978. In his article the origins of primary health care and selective primary health care, marcos cueto claims that the declaration was condemned. At the 71st world health assembly, four distinguished experts. Ebook or pdf edited book email encyclopedia article govt. Declaration from the international conference on primary health care, almaata, september 1978, expressing the need for urgent.
Under this declaration, total health includes not only physical aspects of health, but also economic, political, and social aspects 7. However, in recent years, there has been a revitalisation of primary healthcare. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Primary health care became a core concept for who as a result of the declaration of alma ata. Despite the initial enthusiasm for alma ata, its impact appeared to have declined in the 1990s. After years of relative neglect, the world health organization has recently given strategic prominence to the development of primary health care. It was the first international declaration underlining the importance of primary health care. After 40 years, global health is returning to the vision of the alma ata declaration in 1978, when the world looked different geopolitically, the soviet union hosted a landmark international conference on primary healthcare.
This declaration led to the adoption of the primary health care approach as the key public health strategy by all who member countries. Declaration the international conference on primary health care, meeting in ahna ata this twelfth day of september in the year nineteen hundred and seventyeight, expressing the need for. These documents did not address the phc values of social justice, equity and. Almaata declaration the international conference on primary health care was convened in almaata, kazakhstan, in 1978, and was attended by virtually all the member nations of the world health organization who and unicef. Nih videocast the world health organizations almaata. The alma ata declaration promoted phc as its central.
To what extent has this promise been fulfilled, 25 years down the road. Jul 30, 2010 the alma ata declaration promoted primary health care phc as its central means toward good and fair global healthnot simply health services at the primary care level though that was important but rather a health system model that acted also on the underlying social, economic and political causes of poor health. Declaration of almaata international conference on. Afrrc5811 adoption of the ougadougou declaration with. Motoyuki yuasa primary health care and health promotion. The declaration of alma ata on its 30th anniversary. Alma ata, back to the future 26th and 27th of november 2008 aula p. Sep 01, 2009 in conclusion, community participation as a critical factor in health improvements was identified 30 years ago in the alma ata declaration. Since then, member states and who governing bodies have adopted a number of resolutions and declarations on traditional medicine. However, we are still far from addressing the determinants of health. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Declaration of almaata, 1978 whoeurope publications. The international conference on primary health care, meeting in almaata this twelfth day. Primary health care, including health system strengthening.
Oct 20, 2018 40 years on from the declaration of almaata in 1978,1 primary health care phc is at a defining moment. The alma ata declaration signed by eleven heads of state on december 21, 1991. The alma ata declaration in 1978 expanded the approach to improving health. Almaata declaration definition of almaata declaration by. Forty years later international health experts return to what is now kazakhstan for the whounicef global conference on primary health care.
October 2018, reaffirming the commitments expressed in the ambitious and visionary declaration of alma ata of 1978 and the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, in pursuit of health for all, hereby make the following declaration. Many argued that the slogan health for all by 2000 was not possible and that the declaration did not have clear targets. Libreville declaration on health and environment in africa. Lessons from community participation in health programmes. Pdf is the declaration of alma ata still relevant to primary health. Review led to 1978 who conference in alma ata, kazakhstan former ussr. Declaration of alma ata the international conference on primary health care, meeting in alma ata this twelfth day of september in the year nineteen hundred and seventyeight, expressing the need for urgent action by all governments, all health and development workers.
Contrary to the claims of armenia, the states that signed the alma ata declaration of december 21, 1991, on the goals and principles of the commonwealth of independent states, including armenia, accepted the obligation to recognize and respect the territorial integrity of each other and the inviolability of existing borders, reads the appeal. The alma ata declaration generated numerous criticisms and reactions worldwide. Having analysed the experience of primary health care implementation in the countries of africa in the last 30 years, the. In the 40 years since the alma ata declaration the world has changed enormously. Really a long way off the main goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them in order to avoid any poverty trap. The international conference on primary health care in almaata 1978 this twelfth day of september in the year nineteen hundred and seventyeight, expressing the need for urgent. The alma ata declaration on primary health care phc which was made in 1978 is meant to address the main health problems in communities by providing promotive, preventive, curative and.
The almaata declaration signed by eleven heads of state on december 21, 1991. Like the entire declaration, it has continued to be relevant over this period and is, once again, being highlighted as an essential element for improving health, particularly among the poor, in all countries. Too many people still without access to basic health care. Using the declaration of alma atas definition of total. The alma ata declaration of 1978 advocated for equity as the core value for health for all, and many states signed to undertake policies that would ensure equity in health and health care. The declaration of alma ata was adopted at the international conference on primary health care phc, almaty formerly alma ata, kazakhstan formerly kazakh soviet socialist republic, 612 september 1978. Funding for primary health care in developing countries. The declaration of alma ata, issued on september 12, 1978. The almaata declaration defined primary health care as essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford. Alma ata alma ata declaration of 1978 is a landmark in the history of public health and for who universal values and principles of comprehensive comprehensive phc health equity, social justice, universal access community participation, health a human right regardless of residence, gender, social status and cultural identity.
Notable among these are resolution on promoting the role of traditional medicine in health systems. The declaration defined primary health care as a collaborative effort involving all participants in the health system, from. Since the 1978 declaration, the world has made important strides in. The importance of civil society and community involvement in the definition and design of health policies has been recognized in many international documents, some of which were issued more than three decades agofor example, the declaration of alma ata on primary health care in 1978 8 and the ottawa charter in 1986 9. In 1978, delegates from 4 countries adopted the declaration, the first international declaration to launch a primary health care phc approach as the key to achieving health for all. The republic of armenia, the republic of azerbaijan, the republic of belarus, the. However, we are still far from addressing the determinants of health and. Students will be introduced o the principles of t health determinants in the social contexts of japan i. Maskarinec, phd from the department of family medicine and community health, university of hawaii. The almaata declaration of 1978 emerged as a major milestone of the twentieth. The declaration of alma ata begins by stating that health, which is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, is a fundamental human right and that the attainment of the highest possible level of health is a most important worldwide social goal. A poster for the 1978 international conference on primary health care and the resulting declaration of alma ata. The international conference on primary health care, meeting in alma ata this twelfth day. Declaration of alma ata international conference on primary health care, alma ata, ussr, 612 september 1978 the international conference on primary health care, meeting in alma ata this twelfth day of september in the year nineteen hundred and seventyeight, expressing the need.
The declaration of almaata was adopted at the international conference on primary health. Organised by the world health organization and unicef, the conference took place at alma ata now almaty and considered the role of primary healthcare in. The commemoration provides an ideal opportunity to share. Report of the international conference on primary health care. This course will offer ten sessions of lecture with. Notes to evolving definitions, alma ata the almaata declaration of 1978 was the first international statement emphasizing the importance of primary health care in reducing global health disparities.
Launched in 1978 at the international conference on primary health care, the declaration. From alma ata to the mdgs to what extent has equity been a. How do we revitalize primary health care to make it relevant today and for future generations. The alma ata declaration of 1978 has been instrumental in primary care development worldwide. The reasons behind the flop of almaata principles peah. Theobjectives of the conference werti i ii iii iv v vi to promote the concept of primary health care conntries. International conference on primary health care, alma ata, ussr, 612. Fips commitment to action on the who astana declaration. How primary health care can make universal health coverage. Alma ata declaration definition of phc essential health care based on practical, scientifically.
We envision governments and societies that prioritize, promote and protect peoples health and. On the one hand, the world is much richer and healthier. The 1978 alma ata conference and declaration was a landmark in defining and providing a direction for primary healthcare. How primary health care can make universal health coverage a. Gues ditorial guest editorial looking back to look forward. World health organization fiftysixth world health assembly a5627 provisional agenda item 14. The declaration of almaata was adopted at the international conference on primary health care, almaty, kazakhstan, 612 september 1978. However, after a promising start the first time in 1978, the health for all. Launched in 1978 at the international conference on primary health care, the declaration called for health for all by the year 2000.
Much has changed in international and global health in 40 years, yet the alma ata declaration remains the major international referent for those struggling worldwide for the peoples right to health. Launched in 1978 at the international conference on primary health care, the declaration called for health for all by the year. Past, present and future cynthia haq university of wisconsinmadison. It expressed the need for urgent action by all governments, all health and development workers, and the world community to protect and promote the health of all people.
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